1. BASIG NATURES AND PURPOSES
The Key
Technologies Research and Development programme is an
important component of the Ninth five-year Plan for the
Nation Scientific and Technological
Development, formulated with the purposes of fully
carrying out the functions of the central government to meet
partial specific needs in the multiple aspects of capital
construction, technical reform, upgrading of industries,
development of agriculture, sustainable development of
society, etc. in the country. It is a national level
programme of science and technology financed by the state
and specifically embodies the principle of orienting science
and technology towards the main fields of economic
development. Since 1982, the programme has been implemented
for three Five-year Plans and has provided a batch of key
technologies and equipments for the economic and social
development of the country, thus playing a significant role
in promoting the economic and social development and the
development of science and technology. The purposes of the
Key Technologies Research and Development Programme of the
Ninth Five-year Plan are to concentrate resources upon
solving a batch of key and general technological problems
urgent for the promotion of industrial technical level and
social development, strengthening the study of integration
of existing individual technologies into complete steps and
the study of application of those technologies to
engineering, with emphases put on the consistency of
scientific and technological objectives with economic
objectives, combination of market orientation and driving
force of technologies, so as to promote the process of
integration of science and technology with
economy.
II THE MAIN OBJECTIVES AND
CONTENTS
The programme emphatically includes
the three major components of agriculture, new/high
technologies and social development.
1. The
Main Objectives
(1) Concentrate the main forces
and make joint efforts to solve key technologies closely
around the hot, difficult problems posed by the current
national economic and social development and the problems
with vital impacts on the long term development of the
country and with directional, basic and comprehensive
significance.
(2) Accelerate the process of
integration of science and technology with economy,
strengthen the development of key technologies for
application to engineering and industries so as to provide
technical support for equipping traditional industries with
high technologies and developing new/high tech industries.
Make breakthroughs in key technologies to produce several
kinds of high tech products with high market competitiveness
and promote the process of equipping traditional industries
with high technologies ; and develop vital key technologies
in the field of social development and promote the
establishment of industries related with social
development.
(3) Stabilize a team of scientific
and technological research force.
2. The Main
Contents
(1) Research on agricultural science
and technology continues to be the first priority aimed at
the difficult key scientific and technological problems in
the current and a relatively long term agricultural and
rural economic development, the research is to provide
strong technical support for realizing a net increase of 50
billion kg or a total amount of 500 billion kg of annual
grain output by the end of the century, guarantee effective
supply of the main agricultural products of grain, cotton,
edible oil, meat, egg, fish, milk, etc, in the next century,
raise farmers' income, improve agricultural environment and
promote the stable growth of rural
economy.
-Breed key, new varieties of high
quality, high yield, high stress-resistant capacity for crop
cultivation , forestry, animal husbandry and fishery,
develop the supporting technologies of cultivation,
fertilizing, water saving, etc., so as to significantly
improve the quality of new varieties and increase the yield
by 10-20%
-Establish large demonstrative areas
for the five main crops, rice, wheat, corn, soybean and
cotton, respectively, in the five main growing areas of
Hunan, Henan, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, involving
integration of comprehensive supporting technologies of
improved varieties, cultivation , crop protection,
processing, etc..
-Continuously improve the
technological experiments and demonstrations for the
harnessing and comprehensive development of mid low yield
farm lands in the plains in Northeast, the areas of red and
yellow soils in the south, the Huang-Huai-Hai area, the
areas of loess in the northwest, the areas of dry land in
the north, etc. So as to tap the potential of medium and low
yield farmlands to a large extent; establish comprehensive
demonstrative zones in the areas of medium low yield
farmlands already with necessary preliminary conditions
(areas of dry land in the north , for example ) in order to
provide technical support and demonstration for the
agricultural and rural economic development in the 2lst
century.
-Carry out research on the key
technologies and establish and improve the monitoring
networks for the control of important plant diseases and
insect pests; actively develop new varieties of agricultural
chemical and establish research and production bases of new
agricultural chemical backed by the Shanghai Institute of
Agricultural Chemical Research, the Jiangsu Institute of
Agricultural Chemical Research, the Hunan Institute of
Chemical Research and the Zhejiang Institute of Chemical
Research.
-Carry out research on technologies
for protection and utilization of forest and grassland
resources and harnessing of desertification , develop
oriented forests of fast growth and high yield and
strengthen the research and demonstration on the
technologies of shelter forest system.
-Develop
technologies for scale raising of domestic animals and
poultry, promote the ratio of meat to forage and the ration
of commodity ones, lower the rate of death as caused by
diseases and parasites and, at the same time, develop new
forage additives and related
technologies.
-Carry out research and
development of technologies for in depth processing of
agricultural products and by products and technologies of
key agricultural machinery and equipment.
(2)
Develop key high technologies
During the Ninth
Five-year Plan period, first, the study of application to
engineering and development of new/high technological
achievements from the "863" and Key Technologies
Research and Development Programmes, etc, in the Eighth
Five-year Plan period should be completed to form new/high
tech products with Chinese intellectural property right and
relatively high market competition capacity and promote the
technical reform of conventional industries and the
development of high-tech industries, promote the adjustment
and upgrading of industrial structure; and , second,
breakthroughs should be made in the key technologies in some
major high-tech fields and provide technical support for the
further industrialization.
-The research on
information technologies should make breakthroughs in the
key technologies of the new generation of large-sized
digital programme controlled exchanger, computers of high
performance, information technology based commercial and
trade equipments, high distinction TV(HDTV) digital
acoustics broadcasting (DAB), Chinese information software
platform, etc.;
-The research on advanced
manufacture technologies will be focused on the study,
development and demonstration of cars, integrated CAD,
industrial robots, laser processing, precision shaping,
etc.;
-The research on new energy sources will
be focused on the study and development of high-power wind
power generator and the application of solar energy and
bio-energy;
-The research on new materials will
cast on the study of supporting materials for a new
generation of advanced weapons for defense purpose and new
materials for cars and, at the same time, promote the
industrialization of new materials and related technologies;
-The research on biological technologies will
be focused on the study of agricultural breeding, gene
medicine, marine biological products and the
industrialization of key technologies.
(3)
Promote the coordinated economic and social development with
science and technology
The research on social
development will be focused on the following five aspects in
order to promote the implementation of the China Agenda 21:
-Medical and heath work , The study of
epidemiology, pathogeny, disease mechanism and control will
be continued, ten new medicines will be created and , at the
same time, five safety evaluation centres (GLP), five
clinical medicine centres (GCP) and five new medicine
research and screening centres will established according to
international standards and study of standardization
(models) of the Chinese medicine compounds will be carried
out.
-Exploration of resources in the western
china. The research will be focused on the exploration and
assessment technologies for non ferrous metal resources (Cu,
Au, Ag, Pb, Zn) in Xinjiang, Tibet, etc.
-Environmental protection technologies, The
research will be focused on the technologies of urban waste
water purification, smoke desulphurization and reuse and
high value appreciation of solid wastes and the full sets of
technologies for control of urban drinking water source
pollution and treatment of pollutants in drinking water.
-Utilization of sea water and marine
biological resources. The research will be focused on the
study and development of marine medicine, study of
technologies of sea water desalinization and direct use
(heat pumps, etc.) as well as the key technologies for
production of potassium sulphate from sea water.
-Establishment of national comprehensive pilot
zones. Establish about 40 national comprehensive pilot zones
of social development in counties, medium, and small cities
or districts in large cities.
(4) Support a
few of important projects of science and technology
industries with vital impacts on the national economy and
with directional, basic and comprehensive
significance
Take science and technology as the
guide and market for orientation, the development of high
technologies as objective, select a batch of key technical
projects that have vital impacts on the long term
development of the national economy, make overall
arrangement covering research, design, development and
industrialization and organize the implementation of key
science and technology industrial engineering
projects.
The key science and technology
industrial engineering projects have the following features
:
-The selection of projects embodies the
properties of foresight and strategy by focusing on the
research and development of key technologies with vital
impacts on the current of key technologies with vital
impacts on the current and future development of economy and
science and technology and great marketing potential;
-The arrangement of projects emphasizes
integration of research, design, development, demonstration,
extension and marketing and embodies the properties of
integration of science and technology engineering;
-The implementation of projects is to make
breakthroughs in individual technologies or integration of
multiple technologies and use the experience of individual
points to promote the work in all the fields so as to
promote the formation of new/high tech industries and
promote the development of related industries, and hence has
a good demonstration function;
-The
organization of projects strengthens the combination of
science and technology with the source of economy,
strengthens the coordination between sectors and localities
and integration of production, education and research units,
makes efforts to work out a managerial mode and an
operational mechanism of science and technology projects
that are suitable for the socialist market economy and can
promote the combination of science and technology with
economy, and hence has important creativity.
In the Ninth Five year Plan period, the key
science and technology industrial engineering projects
arranged include:
-projects that can be
industrialized in the near term, such as moderately well off
type urban and rural residences for the 21st century,
(Tianjin) project for the application and demonstration of
Dawn (Shugunag) computers, factory agriculture, etc. And;
-projects with strategic significance of long
term development such as power driven vehicles, HDTV, DAB,
etc.. The implementation of those projects will promote the
process of integration of research, development and
industrialization and will foster new points of economic
growth and promote the development of new/high technologies
and their industrialization in China.
III THE
MAIN SUPPORTING CONDITIONS AND MEASURES
The key
Technologies Research and Development Programme of the Ninth
Five-year Plan needs about 9 billion yuan of fund and the
fund will be raised through multiple channels, including
governmental appropriation, sector or locality self-raised
fund, loan from banks, implementing agency self-raised fund,
etc.. It is planned that 2.2 billion yuan will be provided
by the government, in which agriculture occupies 630 million
yuan, or 28.7% of the total, high technologies 870 million
yuan, or 39.5%, and Social development 700 million yuan, or
31.8%. It is also planned to provide about 6 billion yuan of
loan as support to the development of science and
technology.
The administrative measures for the
programme include
-combining department
administration with expert administration , that is , while
the department responsible for the organization of project
conducts administration of project implementation, a project
expert committee is established to take part in the
administration of project over the whole process from
project institution to acceptance;
-setting up
a rolling project institution and adjustment mechanism for
the programme, starting project by year according to the
principle "Start a project only when the necessary
conditions have become available".
-tentatively making "foundation
type" management or "post subsidy" for the
fields that need long term stable support, because they have
impacts on the long term benefits of the country, but their
objectives by phase are difficult to determine and there are
multiple technical approaches to choose, such as control of
major diseases and crop breeding, so as to more effectively
use the funds;
-applying the competitive
mechanism so as to meet the need of market economy, and
encouraging the selection of agencies in charge of project
through the bidding approach;
-improving
evaluation agencies and strengthening the evaluation of
implementation of project through a third party in order to
monitor and guarantee the realization of project objectives;
and
-further standardizing the utilization and
management of the funds of science and technology so as to
ensure adequate, effective and timely use of the
governmental appropriation.
IV. ADMINISTRATIVE
ORGANIZATION AND REGULATIONS
1. Administrative
Organization
The local department for the
organization of project is determined by the related
specialized department in cooperation with the Department of
Planning in the Ministry of Science and Technology. The
agency for the implementation of project is determined by
the department for the organization of project and, in
principle, the agencies for the implementation of special
subjects are determined through bidding.
2.
Administrative Regulations
(1) The Detailed
Rules for the Administration of the Key Technologies
Research and Development Programme of the Ninth Five-year
Plan has been formulated for the administration of the
programme.
(2) The regulation for project
bidding have been formulated in order to promote the
development of the socialist market economy and incorporate
the competitive mechanism.
(3) The foundation
type administration has been implemented for partial
projects and specific management methods have been
formulated accordingly in order to suit for the
characteristics of certain research fields.
(4)
It has been clarified that loan should be an important
component of fund for the programme in order to establish
multiple channels for fund raising and related regulations
have been formulated.
(5) Realize rolling
management and strengthen annual budgeting and tracing management
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