1. BASIC NATURE AND PUR-POSES
The
National Development Research Programme was formulated in
1995 in order to implement the strategy "Promote the
development of the country with science and education"
and the strategy of sustainable development. This programme
is a programme of activities in the implementation of the
Chinese strategy of sustainable development and a national
scientific and technological research on social development.
The work of scientific and technological research on social
development is of scientific and technological activities
aimed at promoting the life quality of people and the
quality of people themselves, improving the environment for
people's survival and development, adjusting the relations
between people and the nature, promoting the scientific and
technological progress of social undertakings and related
industries, and promote the coordination between of economy
and society and the sustainable
development.
This programme is a rolling
programme, mainly a guidance programme in nature, for
scientific and technological development and is planned to
be implemented in the period form 1996 to
2010
II THE MAIN OBJECTIVES
This
programme is for the purpose of improving the social
environment and supporting conditions for the national
economic development, promoting the quality of population
and the quality of the people's life, and promoting the
coordinated, sustainable development of economy and society
.
1. Significantly Raise the Overall Level of
Scientific and Technological Work for Social Development and
Study and Solve a Batch of Important Scientific and
Technological Problems in Social Development of
China
In the field of environmental protection,
the focus is on clean production with water pollution
control and smoke desulfurization; in the field of medicine
and public health, the focus is on the study and development
of a batch of new medicines conforming to the international
standards; in the field of resource utilization, support for
ascertaining the reserves of rare and scarce mineral
resources; in the field of marine development, the focus is
on the protection of the national rights and interests and
the development of marine resources ;in the field of hazards
prevention , the focus is on short term climatic digital
forecast and earthquake forecast ;in the field of social
undertakings, the focus is on science and technology based
industrial engineering for well off type residence and
information technology based modern commercial and trade
circulation; and in the field of regional development and
research of soft science, the focus is on the pre period
study of coordinated development of resources, environment
and economy in the central and west China.
2
Energetically Promote Technical Innovation and Integration
of Science and Technology with Economy
Extend
a large batch of scientific and technological achievements
in the field of social development and form a large number
of science and technology guided industries, The
implementation of this programme should greatly contribute
to the promotion of the integrated should greatly contribute
to the promotion of the integrated national power and create
the necessary material basis for the promotion of quality of
the people's livelihood and satisfaction of increasing
material and cultural needs of the
people.
3.Deepen institutional Reform of
Research Institutes Related with Social
Development
Establish step by step a research
team of small number of members but high quality; establish
a batch of research centres of engineering and technologies;
and establish several bases of research and development and
demonstrative projects.
4.Continue to Develop a
Batch of Comprehensive Experimental Zones for Science and
Technology Guiding Social Development
The
construction of comprehensive experimental zones for social
development is an important instrument for promoting the
implementation of the China Agenda 21, and the number of the
zones will increase by about 60 in the Ninth Five-year Plan
period so as to further promote the urban and rural
sustainable development.
5.Strengthen Basic
Research Work and the Fostering of Leading Scientists to
Work into the Next Century
In the field of
basic research work, during the Ninth Five-year Plan period,
it is important to well understand the conditions of China,
establish resource data bases with modern information
technologies and instruments for the fields of national
land, mineral resources, seas and oceans, hazards,
urbanization, etc. and realize data sharing; foster and
select a batch of leading scientists to work into the next
century and a batch of scientific and technological type
entrepreneurs.
III. THE MAIN CONTENTS
During the Ninth Five-year Plan period, the
following four aspects will be taken as the key fields of
activities:
1.Emphatically Arrange the
Scientific and Technological Work in the Fields of
Development of Initiative Medicines, Population Control and
Health, Residence Construction, Hazards Reduction and
Control in Order to Promote the Quality of the People 's
Livelihood
The 1035Plan for Initiative
Medicine Technologies. Before year 2000, develop ten
patented class A initiative medicines and a batch of
urgently needed therapeutic medicines, new preparations and
new varieties of medicines, make breakthroughs in a batch of
key technologies for medicine manufacturing. At the same
time, establish five medicine screening centres, five
medicine safety evaluation centres (GLP) and five medicine
clinical research centres (GCP), form relatively an intact
system for new medicine research and development, promote
China's capacity of new medicine development and level of
intellectual property rights and alleviate the challenge of
intellectual property rights and alleviate the big problem
of medicine supply for the 1.2billion Chinese
people.
Science and technology for population
control and health. Develop safety, effective, simple and
economical new technologies for birth adjustment to meet the
social needs. During the Ninth Five-year, aimed at the
change of disease spectrum and new problems crested in the
population aging, emphatically develop contraceptive
vaccine, new technologies and methods for the control of
malignant tumor, cardiovascular diseases, geriatric
diseases, etc, and related new type medical apparatus and
instruments and medical materials.
Science and
technology based industrial engineering of well-off type
urban and rural residence. Study standardized design systems
and serialized product systems for new type residence
buildings, develop the key technologies of structure, energy
saving, develop the key technologies of structure, energy
saving, environmental quality, etc. in order to improve the
functions of residence and applied technologies of new type
building materials, develop 50-60 demonstrative residence
areas, which have a total floor area of 10 million to 12
million m2, rational functions and high quality, and develop
compete sets of serialized residence products with the
features of energy and material saving so as to promote the
formation and development of China's residence
industry.
Key technologies for hazards
reduction and control. Emphatically study and develop the
vital technologies concerned with the impacts of natural and
man-made hazards on agricultural production and the people's
life and safety. Study the technologies of short-term
climate forecast and earthquake forecast; study the
technologies for fire for underground spaces and tall
buildings in urban areas where a fire disaster, if it
occurs, will be difficult to be extinguished and cause heavy
losses.
2.Emphatically Develop the Technologies
for Water Resources Development, Water Resources
Development, Water Treatment, Smoke Desulphurization,
Resource Circulation, Resource Circulation, Reclamation and
Comprehensive Use, etc.
Comprehensive
technologies and industries to alleviate fresh water crisis.
Strengthen the study of utilization and protection of water
resources and integrated technologies for the control of
water pollution, emphatically develop technologies for clean
production of water consuming industries, develop key
technologies and equipments for control of waste water
pollution of typical industries and desalinization and
direct use of sea water, study technologies for optimized
allocation of water, study technologies for optimized
allocation of water resources and purification of special
water bodies, promote industrialization of water saving,
waste water control and sea water desalinization.
New technologies of clean coal. Take the
control of sulfur dioxide in the smoke from coal burning
equipments as the objective and develop several new
technologies for the reduction of discharge of discharge of
pollutants from coal burning, which are oriented to the 21st
century, have wide prospects of application and are fit for
the conditions of China, by fully using advanced technical
achievements in related fields and combining imported
technologies with those
self-developed.
Resource circulation,
reclamation and comprehensive use. Emphatically develop
technologies for high value and comprehensive sue of waste
resources such as mining by-products, gangue and fly ash,
study and develop technologies for compounding of waste
materials and establish information bank for waste material
reclamation, and formulate in cooperation with related
departments the policies, laws and regulations, management
systems and development plans for resource circulation,
reclamation and comprehensive
use.
3.Emphatically Arrange Scientific and
Technological Activities in the Fields of Mineral
Exploration, Marine Resources, Development of Western China,
etc. around the Central Task of Providing Resources for the
Sustainable Development of China
Technologies
for exploration, assessment and localization of metal
minerals. Use new scientific ideas and new /high
technologies to comprehensively abstract
geological-geophysical-geochemical information on deep
concealed mineral deposits, study and develop high
resolution ratio, large concentration mineral prospecting
technologies, develop technological series including rapid,
highly effective assessment technologies for regional
resources prospect, localization technologies for small
mineral prospecting target areas, localization technologies
for deep concealed mineral deposits and exploration and
assessment technologies for copper rich metal and precious
metal mineral deposits in large coverage areas, strengthen
the industrialization of new technologies for metal mineral
deposits, so as to promote the general level of exploration
and assessment technologies and mineral prospecting
efficiency in China.
Marine high technologies
and new and developing industries. Implement the programmes
for the field of marine high technologies, emphatically
promote the development of technologies for the national
marine land and rights /benefits, exploration and
development technologies of marine oil and gas and
technologies of marine biology, emphatically arrange
chemo-development of sea water resources arrange
chemo-development of sea water resources and environment and
development of key technologies for marine culture, foster a
batch of enterprises integrating science and development of
new and developing marine industries.
Key
technologies for the sustainable development of the western
regions and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In order to support
the strategy to shift westward the national focus of
economic construction, emphatically study the laws of
economic construction, emphatically study the laws of
economic construction, emphatically study the laws of
mineral formation, rapid assessment technologies and
technologies of comprehensive development for the mineral
resources in Xinjiang so as to rapidly ascertain the mineral
resources, in particular the scarce copper and gold
resources, etc., study the technologies for the rational
allocation and high efficiency utilization of water
resources in the northwestern arid and semi-arid regions and
complete sets of technologies for the development of
resources and harnessing of environment in the
eco-environmentally fragile areas of the Qignhai-Tibet
Plateau, probe into the relationships between resources
development, environmental harnessing and economic
development, environmental harnessing and economic
development so as to provide technical support for the
sustainable development of the western areas and the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
4. Strengthen the Basic
Work in the Field of Science and Technology for Social
Development
Study of performance of global
environmental pacts and international pacts and
establishment of databases. Emphatically study the
performance of laws, standards and the state economic and
technical countermeasures concerned with the performance of
the international framework pact for climatic change and the
international pacts for protection of biological diversity;
and establish data bases including biological species and
communities, ecological systems, etc. based on the work in
various sectors.
Establishment of geoscience
data sharing systems. In view of the conditions of China,
study the standards and codes for geoscience data, develop
the geoscience data common sharing supporting system so as
to create conditions for the further development of China's
geoscience.
Study and development of applied
technologies for remote sensing system, geographical
information system and global localization system (3S). The
3 S technologies can provide powerful information and
technical support for the science and technologies of social
development. Emphatically arrange applied studies for the
application of the 3S technologies to the fields of
resources and environmental monitoring, national land
harnessing and regional development, hazards prevention and
reduction and marine national and rights benefits, etc., and
promote the industrialization of the implementation of the
China Agenda21.
IV. THE MAIN SUPPORT CONDITIONS
AND MEASURES
1. Give Full Play to and Further
Trans form Governmental Functions
(1) For the
social public good and welfare facilities or services
dominated by social benefits, mainly rely on governmental
support, continuously improve the social organization and
management; for the social facilities or services with
economic benefits or potential of economic benefits, take
science and technology as the guidance, promote the
industries of science and technology to develop and get onto
the track of self-accumulation and
self-development.
(2) Strengthen policy and
information guidance. Shift from simply initiating projects
to providing typical demonstration; and shift from
emphasizing administrative and directive instruments to
mainly providing service and policy guidance. Pay attention
to the construction of corresponding management information
system and periodically issue the guidelines for science and
technology and formulate rolling plans of
projects.
(3) Strengthen the coordination and
cooperation between different departments and sectors to
form a plan management system involving the levels of the
state, departments, localities and enterprises, with mutual
contact between levels and each with particular emphasis so
as to better manage scientific and technological resources
and solve vital problems in the social
development.
2. Create Sound Environment for
Technical Innovation and Promote the Transformation of
Scientific and Promote the Transformation of Scientific and
Technological Achievements
(1) Strengthen
links in the whole process of technical innovation,
strengthen interim experiment and technical transfer and
construct a batch of comprehensive demonstrative pilot
projects and product and industrial bases for the science
and technology of social development.
(2) Take
the whole process of key projects as the core and establish
dynamic scientific and technological information and project
banks.
(3) Establish several networks of
technical innovation of small core but wide overage. Promote
the optimized combination of the three elements of research
institute, enterprise and investment to meet the needs of
market through implementing major projects.
3.
Give Full Play to the Potential Superiority of Large and
Medium Enterprises and Military Enterprises and Make Use of
the Flexible Mechanism of Township Enterprises to Accelerate
the Development of Related Enterprises of Social Development
4. Establish the Fund Raising and Investment
Mechanism of Multiple Approaches and Multiple Levels while
striving for Steadily Increasing Government
Funding.
(1) In addition to the state
appropriations already included in other planned channels,
the state will provide a small amount of fund annually to be
combined with planned loans, counterpart funds provided by
departments or localities, self-raised funds of implementing
agencies and international financial assistance, and to be
used in a rolling manner to support the scientific and
technological activities in some fields of social
development.
(2) Strengthen the combination of
science and technology with banking agencies, and establish
working groups with representatives from banding agencies
for important projects.
(3) Create conditions
and start with funds raising for projects in order to
establish the science and technology foundation at a proper
time for sustainable development.
(4)
Vigorously strive for the financial support from
international banking organizations, related international
organizations and the governments and organizations of
related countries.
5. Vigorously Conduct
Training through Multiple Approaches
(1) Adopt
effective measures to attract excellent talents to
participate in the implementation of vital projects and the
establishment of scientific and technological
industries.
(2) Make full use of existing
education systems and public media, establish a batch of
training centres in multiple forms to continuously carry out
education and training and strengthen capacity building in
combination with the implementation of China Agenda 21 and
other important scientific and technological activities.
|